James Webb Telescope


Hello friends, James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is very much in discussion these days, so we thought that you should be given complete information about it.

The James Webb Space Telescope is an astronomical telescope named after a scientist that will be the largest human creation yet. We have collected complete information about (JWST). Hope you will like this information.


Who was James Webb ?

James Edwin Webb was born on October 7, 1906. He was born in the village of Tallyho, Granville County, North Carolina. His father was the superintendent of Granville County Public Schools. Webb was an American government official who served as Under Secretary of State from 1949–1952 and was the second NASA administrator from February 14, 1961 to October 7, 1968.


James Webb Space Telescope.

  •  It will provide better infrared resolution and sensitivity than Hubble and will enable a wider range of investigations in the fields of astronomy. It will be operated by NASA / ESA / CSE.

  • JWST will operate near the L2 (Lagrange Point) of Earth-Sun, about 15,00,000km beyond Earth's orbit.

  • In order to observe the infrared spectrum, JWST will be placed under a temperature of 50K (-223°C) otherwise the infrared radiation from the telescope itself will affect its instruments, so it cannot be seen from the Sun, Earth and the Moon. Will use a large sunshield to block out light and heat.

  • The optical design of the JWST is a three-mirror anastigmat, which uses curved secondary and tertiary mirrors to deliver images free of optical aberration over a wide area. In addition, there is a fast steering mirror that can adjust its position several times per second to provide image stabilization.


Goals of James Webb Telescope

• To discover the first galaxies or luminous objects formed after the Big Bang.

• Determining how galaxies have evolved since their formation.

• Observing the formation of stars from the first stage to the formation of planetary systems.

• Measure the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems, including our own solar system, and investigate the possibility of life in those systems.


JWST Tools & Technologies

• Near-Infrared Camera – Provided by the University of Arizona.

• Near-Infrared Spectrograph – provided by ESA with components provided by NASA/GSFC.

• Mid Infrared Instrument – provided by the European Union along with the European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).

• Fine Guidance Sensors/ Near-InfraRed Imager and Spectrograph(FGS/ NIRISS) – provided by Canadian Space Agency.


James Webb Space Telescope vs Hubble Space Telescope

✔ Overview

Webb is often called the replacement for the Hubble Space Telescope.


• Webb will primarily observe the universe in infrared light, while studying the universe primarily at optical and ultraviolet wavelengths.


• Webb also has a much larger mirror than Hubble.


• Webb can see more past time over time than Hubble.


• Hubble is in a very close orbit around Earth, while Webb will be 1.5 million kilometers away at the second Lagrange (L2) point.


Wavelength

Webb will observe primarily in infrared light and will have four scientific instruments to capture images and spectra of celestial objects. These devices will provide wavelength coverage from 0.6 to 28 micrometers.


Hubble's instruments can see a small part of the infrared spectrum from 0.8 to 2.5 microns (8×10^-7 to 2.5×10^-6 meters) but its primary capabilities are 0.1 to 0.8 microns in the ultraviolet of the spectrum. And there are visible parts.


Why is the observation of infrared light important for astronomy?

Ans. The stars and planets that are being formed now. They are hidden behind a cocoon of dust that absorbs visible light. And the infrared light that is emitted by these regions. Infrared light will penetrate this dusty cocoon (cloud) and can show us what is inside.


Size comparison

Mirror size

• Webb will have a primary mirror of approximately 6.5 meters in diameter, giving it a much larger collection area than the mirrors available on the current generation of space telescopes.


• Hubble's mirror is much smaller in diameter, measuring 2.4 meters in diameter and having a storage area of ​​4.5 square metres, giving Webb about 6.25 times more storage area.


Comparison in weight

• Webb would have a mass of about 6,500Kg, weighing around 14,300lb on Earth (everything in space is weightless) which is slightly more than Hubble's mass.


• Hubble weighed about 24,000lb pounds at launch, but if returned to Earth today, it would weigh about 27,000lb – the equivalent of two fully grown African elephants.


Circumambulation

• Hubble Space Telescope around Earth – 570k.m. orbits at a height of

• Webb will not actually orbit the Earth – instead it will be located at the Sun's L2 point, 1.5 million kilometers away.


As Earth orbits the Sun, Webb will orbit with it.

The total cost of the James Webb Space Telescope.

• The total cost of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is US$ 10 billion i.e. 73,616 crore rupees.

• This cost is 4 thousand crores more than this year's Delhi budget. This year's budget of Delhi government is 69 thousand crores.

• The world's first space telescope was finally launched on April 24, 1990 in the space shuttle "Discovery". The effort cost US$1.5 billion.